Student Athletes Are Deserving Of Economic Remuneration

The seven most popular sports (in order) in the United States are: NFL, MLB, NCAAF, auto racing, NBA, NHL, and NCAAM (Rovell, 2014). Five of the sports included are professional where the athletes are paid. However, two of them--NCAAF and NCAAM--are amateur sports headed by student-athletes who are not paid. When these college sports are on par with professional organizations that are worth billions of dollars, then the amateurism behind the NCAAF and NCAAM is questioned. In fact, the NCAA generates almost a billion dollars annually. Since the athletes in question are amateur student-athletes, paying them might damage the integrity of the sports. Therefore, there is an ongoing contested debate over whether student athletes are deserving of†¦show more content†¦However, amateurism is an illusion because the NCAA â€Å"insatiably embrace[s] commercialism in all facets of intercollegiate athletics except on a single issue — athlete compensation† (Zola, 2013). The 1980s is where NCAAM and NCAAF exploded as businesses. The Supreme Court, in 1984, struck down the NCAA’s restrictions on television appearances. This coincided with the government deregulation of cable television and, ultimately, led to massive television contracts and sports stations covering NCAAM and NCAAF. As the athletic departments of universities expanded profoundly, they continued to reiterate the student in student-athletes. By doing so, they built the boundary up as an effective defense from allowing college athletes to get a cut of the newfound income. In 1988, the NCAA became an effective private institution when the Supreme Court ruled against Jerry Tarkanian and allowed the NCAA to dismiss due process during their investigations. Amateurism, in the sake of college football and men’s basketball, is a falsehood and a boundary created by the NCAA and enforced by college coaches and athletic departments. The meaning behind the category of student-athletes wa s empowered by the NCAA in the 1950s to fend off lawsuits and implement the sanctity of college sports as amateur sports. The NCAA’s moral authority lies in the term â€Å"student-athlete† and â€Å"is meant to conjure the nobility of amateurism, and the precedenceShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?3174 Words   |  13 PagesShould College Athletes Be Paid? College sports are a highly paid business. It is produced sold just like all other commercial products. The NCAA generated over $70 million in the basketball tournaments. Schools who made it to the finale instantly earned over $1.3 million. $275 thousand was given to those who were invited to the tournament. Football is just the same. The (1988-89) seasons produces $53 million and $66 million and was split between all participating schools. College athletes should receiveRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 PagesHuman Resource Management (MGT501) VU MGT - 501 T his subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizationsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster UniversityRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages xvi CONTENTS P R E FA C E What’s New in This Edition? Based on suggestions from reviewers, instructors, and students we have made a number of changes in the eighth edition of Developing Management Skills. †¢ Added new skill assessments in Chapter 1 and a new case in Chapter 3. †¢ Revised parts of the book to reflect suggestions and feedback from instructors and students. †¢ Clarified instructions for scoring skill assessments and updated the comparison data for each assessment. †¢ Updated

The tragic in Antony and Cleopatra Essay - 3706 Words

The tragic in Antony and Cleopatra His captains heart, Which in the scuffles of great fights hath burst The buckles on his breast, reneges all temper And is become the bellows and the fan To cool a gipsys lust. Antony and Cleopatra seems to have a special place in Shakespeares works because it is at a crossroad between two types of play. It clearly belongs to what are generally called the Roman plays, along with Coriolanus and Julius Caesar. But it is also considered a tragedy. The importance of history in the play cannot be denied, especially where it is compared to Shakespeares great tragedies such as Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet. But one might wonder what is specifically tragic in Antony and Cleopatra, and what can be†¦show more content†¦The heroes of Antony and Cleopatra have high rank and ability because they are above the level of common people. This is a general characteristic in tragedies. Tragic heroes are extraordinary specimens of mankind. They can be remarkable for their intelligence (as is Oedipus, the main character of Oedipus Rex by Sophocles), their cruelty (like Medea, in the eponymous tragedy by Seneca), or their nobleness in mind, (like Caesar in Cinna by Corneil le). Very often the tragic hero is from royal blood. Antony, in Shakespeares play as well as in Roman history, is a military leader of incredible power, intelligence and courage. Caesar himself shows his esteem for him when he reproaches him for his present moral decay: ..................................................When thou once Was beaten from Modena, where thou slewst Hirtius and Pansa, consuls, at thy heel Did famine follow, whom thou foughtst against (Though daintily brought up) with patience more Than savages could suffer. (...) ..................................................And all this (It wounds thine honour that I speak it now) Was borne so like a soldier, that thy cheek So much as lankd not. (Act I, scene IV) If Cleopatra does not have such a strong moral sense, she is remarkable for her royal rank - she is the last queen of Egypt - her beauty,Show MoreRelatedTragic Heroism in Shakespeares Antony And Cleopatra Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesIn the tragedy â€Å"Antony and Cleopatra†, Shakespeare presents our protagonist Mark Antony as a tragic hero. He does this by using a number of dramatically effective methods, including language, staging techniques and structure. Aristotle defines a tragic hero as a character of noble stature who has a tragic flaw (usually hubris which is over confidence/arrogance) and suffers a downfall that is partially their fault but also due to factors beyond their control. The downfall they suffer exceeds the â€Å"crime†Read More Essay on the Love Story of Antony and Cleopatra1645 Words   |  7 PagesStory of Antony and Cleopatra      Ã‚   The tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra can be said to have an overall effect of comical lightness. 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In All for Love one event that is unbelievable is related to Antony won a light ning victory over Octavius troops, with a small number of Egyptian troops. Antony is not portrayed as his hero in a grand manner by Dryden. He is not portrayed as a man possessing superhuman bravery. It is true that Ventidius pays a rich tribute to Antonys glory and valour belong

Calibration of Multivariate Management

Question: Discuss about the Calibration of Multivariate Management. Answer: Introduction: The banks and the other financial institutions undertake various functions for a smooth running of their business. One of the key elements related with the operations of banking and other financial institutions is the Credit Portfolio Management. The credit management system worries mostly about the large companies who concentrate on doing business in the various industrial sectors. The large firms have many credit folders in accordance with their various industries, which are inclusive of the loans that are illiquid in nature. In the past, the function of the credit portfolio management included the computation of the average risk of credit to increase the rate of return pertaining to the risk. Such risks are reduced through the selling of loans and hedging in the secondary market, which results to the recognition and controlling of the risk level (Klotz 2015). Unlike the traditional credit portfolio management, the new management system evaluates the whole credit book and does not focus only on the individual borrowers credit risk management. The financial crisis in the year 2007 has led to a dramatic transformation in the economic and financial structure globally. These changes enforced the companies to alter their operational strategies. The outlook of Credit Portfolio Management (CPM) saw a drastic change due to the new necessities of the companies with respect to the growing margin ad cost pressure, liquidity and capital. The financial crisis has therefore, broadened the functions of CPM and now the management system monitors relevant departments like the methodology, finance, business functions and risk information (Naqvi 2016). These requirements for changes compelled Mc Kinsey along with the International Association of Credit Portfolio to initiate a survey by taking certain financial industries from around the globe as their participants. The intention of the survey was to discover the new roles of CPM and the process or system that are required to be introduced by the firms thereby, establishing an effective credit management system. The pertaining problem with CPM is the non-existence of any path or road, which can be followed to develop the management system. The business model of different industries creates the path flow of credit management. Therefore, the credit management system differs for every industries functioning in the global market. The analysis tries to identify the suitable alternatives the management possesses, and the effective procedure the company will choose to establish a roadway for the credit management activities that will generate an effective performance. The development of the functions of CPM is mainly due to the three factors, which will be discussed below: Capital and Liquidity Restraint: The transformation in the policies and regulations in the aspect of capital and liquidity has compelled the financial organizations to make alterations in their strategies. The changing strategy will therefore, include restructuring their financial reports and thus, optimizing the use of capital and creation of profit. The CPM tries to motivate the origination of loans and selling of the assets because a substantial amount of the balance sheet is composed of the credit book. The crucial changes with respect to the Basel IV in the requirement of capital in the financial firms have established changes in the portfolio management (Gundlach 2013). The CPM used to analyze and supervise independently over the loan portfolio and from the rest of the balance sheet and no extra funding was required. The CPM team was independent to analyze the return on equity. The assets of large scale were placed in the front and center in the new management approach with res pect to the new requirements and policies like credit and other operations in the balance sheet. Increase in cost and decreasing margin: The drop in the margin pressure creates urgency to enhance the use of raw materials due to high demand in the market. The reason for margin pressure is the reason behind the development of CPM. The reduction in the sales and rise in the cost of production is the reason behind the rise in the margin pressure. Market Condition Transformation: The development of CPM is also due to the changing market condition. The transformation has mainly been after the financial crisis in 2007. This reason is of less importance with respect to the other two factors. The transformation of the focus to the point of origin in the credit portfolio management is due to the fall in the usefulness in the secondary trading and the intense desire for long-term credit in the secondary market (Christian 2016). The above-discussed problems encouraged the CPM to change its focus from their primary functions of reducing the risk developing with the portfolio and enhancing the return on risk level. The role of CPM is altering and developing with the changing economic transformation and demand. The three factors discussed earlier alter the CPM tools, its working procedure with respect to the concerned organization and the data available for analysis. The financial organizations are proficient in framing, initiating and risk pricing but are not capable in achieving a considerable volume in the balance sheet (Bodie 2015). Such disadvantages of the firms need immediate action even when they are in the requirement of changing the interest income to fee income. The CPM therefore, requires redesigning its roles and functions towards the financial firms with the transforming circumstances. The role of the CPM earlier was to focus on the loan book but, with the changing needs, the system looks on supervising the revelations of risk and their response on the balance sheet. The CPM is therefore, managing all the activities pertaining to risk. There is no individual framework for the functioning of CPM as the design varies in different countries. For example, the continents like Europe and Asia predict CPM to function the vital roles in managing the portfolio and taking steps to reduce the credit risk and creating the balance sheet more suitable to establish the highest amount of equity with the respect to the limitations of the policies (Roggi 2013). The CPM also concentrates on the secondary line, in which the process looks to decrease the constraints of risk limit and then tries to analyze the market opportunities and in the requirement of new capital, initiates stress-testing alternatives along with the introduction of plans in the credit-lending portfolio. An important part of the functions of CPM is to support a modern market outlook and the capability to bring in lucrative business opportunities. The CPM requires creating a developed analytics and an advanced management framework in order to introduce the current powers and control and to reach a position to undertake strategic decisions (Bessis 2015). The modern tools and equipments will allow the CPM team to gain integrity and thus become a decisive partner for any organization. The CPM requires mentoring the business decisions using a tough and dangerous framework thereby enhancing efficient tools for augmentation. The advanced system requires harmonizing with the entire targets and the constraints to the balance sheet thereby, revealing the vast slab of the important performance indicators, a company needs to optimize. The introduction of the current constraints on the policies, the need of transfer pricing is essential to bring in different important aspects that becomes blurred and misleading. Such an activity reduces the motivating powers of CPM. The new roles of CPM require working simultaneously and closely with the different functions directing the balance sheet. The viewpoint regarding the CPM problem remains unchanged irrespective of the geographical restrictions and thus, every firm all around the world feels that the introduction of Credit Portfolio Management should comprise of the advanced equipments to analyze the current risk restrictions. The present role of the CPM needs efficient data to finish its work abiding by the regulations and policies (Klotz 2015). Well-framed information about the risk and finance is essential for the evaluation of the risk-return models and quality information is necessary to gain revised awareness about the company in consideration. The transformation in the data about governance and system will create an optimal chance for CPM to encourage investments for the future and enhancement of the modern techniques and mechanism. Thus, CPM can act as an ideal spot, staying in the middle of all the operations and illustrating the requirements of the business with respect to finance, requirements about the system and the risk information (Andreoli 2016). The CPM focusing on the actions of the portfolio moves it to a more efficient position to mentor the creation of the balance sheet corresponding with the financial operations, focusing on the degree and constraints on the individual analysis. The present function of CPM will be dependent on the various industries and will differ from the advisory to the active portfolio management. The activity selected by an organization needs to complete the work efficiently and with a fine instruction that highlights the utility of the extra value to the other companies. The guidelines of CPM will alter the organizational framework (Hu 2016). Therefore, the CPM requires having a uninterrupted market contact, which will place it in the first line and thereby securing the business. Therefore, it is observed that there is a requirement to enhance and develop the function of CPM to contend with the present environment of the organization concerned. The role of CPM is developing in different ways depending on the geography, marketing mix etc. There is no individual structure or model of CPM and so it is important to find out the best model, which can be introduced within a firm. Comparison with Questor Inc The Credit Portfolio Management analysis can be contrasted with relation to the firm named Questor Inc, manufacturer of pipefittings and valve. Catherine Logan, the president of this company requires a loan from Golden West Bank. The loan amount required by the firm is $1,000,000. Questor Inc forwards all the financial reports and statements of the current and the previous years to the banks so that the bank can analyze these reports and understand the financial position of the firm. Catherine Logan, the president of Questor Inc, requires the banking services from Golden West along with the issuing a loan from the bank. The previous bank of Questor Inc was ignorant towards the company and thus, did not offer them efficient and proper services. Questor even faced problems as the earlier bank changed the assigned loan officer of Questor very frequently resulting to the explanation of all the requirements to the new loan officer all over again and pressing all the financial documents so that the officer can a look into it before granting new loan (Banerjee 2014). After the expiry of the terms with the previous bank, Catherine wanted to join hands with Golden West bank to ensure an effective banking service. The industry was running for a period of 15 years and has been in profit ever since. Logan even claimed that the machineries were in perfect condition and the industry did not need to expand for the next 3 years. The organization to establish a good reputation in front of the bank refers to Fairview Savings and other suppliers. The loan officer of Golden West bank, Felix Fernandez found out that the credit payment process was very swift for Questor Inc. The above study delivers the fact that Questor Inc incurs profit and is therefore, a good business but is moderately efficient in terms of credit portfolio management. The organization comprises of many creditors as they usually pay off their suppliers in credit. Therefore, Questor Inc cannot take any trade discounts as they always purchase in credit from the suppliers. After the financial crisis in 2007, there have been drastic changes in the credit portfolio management. The system has been changing from then ever since with the transformation in the economy (Van Deventer 2013). The CPM of Questor Inc therefore, needs to improve and by looking at the financial reports, it is seen that the capital and liquidity of the organization faces a few restrictions. The liquidity and capital structure needs improvement as it can directly affect the credit risk. The CPM needs to focus on these problems stated above and should make initiatives to solve them. The profit level of Questor being hig h leads to a low margin pressure (Bakker 2014). The financial crisis of 2007 will not have any impact on this study as this paper depicts a scenario from the year 1991 and 1992. The CPM of Questor will therefore, focus on the traditional factors like realizing the level of risk, return on risk and the fall in the credibility of risk. An investigation undertaken by the loan officer of Golden West Felix Fernandez with the help of other loan officers revealed that out of the total inventory of the firm, only fifty percent can be realized on a short notice. Felix even found that the company sells receivables older than sixty days to the customer. The probability of risk associated with these receivables re high and therefore creates a doubt of whether to include these values. Thus, it is important to develop an efficient credit risk management by broadening the activities of management. The credit analysis of the firm can be made better by redesigning and creating a new framework, which will be effective to the current environment (Kevin 2015). The management also requires developing new organizational setup thereby selling the accounts receivable on time and originating a credit risk management to escalate the inventory value to increase the return on risk. The firm is prone to risk due to a lack of an effective credit portfolio management, which can lead to loss of inventory as they hold on to their products for more than sixty days. The loss of the product due to any damage can create loss, which can only be recovered if the CPM is strong in the organization (Van Deventer 2013). Thus, the above evaluation shows that the risks related to the credit is a vital factor and Questor needs to concentrate over the problem of credit with respect to accounts receivable and inventory so that the return on risk and the revenue of the organization can be increased. 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"Calibration of multivariate generalized hyperbolic distributions using the EM algorithm, with applications in risk management, portfolio optimization and portfolio credit risk." (2016). Kevin, S.Security analysis and portfolio management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2015. Klotz, Stefan, and Andreas Lindermeir. "Multivariate credit portfolio management using cluster analysis."The Journal of Risk Finance16, no. 2 (2015): 145-163. Lu, Fu-Qiang, Min Huang, Wai-Ki Ching, and Tak Kuen Siu. "Credit portfolio management using two-level particle swarm optimization."Information Sciences237 (2013): 162-175. Naqvi, Syed M. Waqar Azeem, Tahseen M. Khan, and Sayyid Salman Rizavi. "The Efficiency of Credit Portfolio Management in Pakistans Banking Sector." (2016). Roggi, Oliviero, and Edward I. Altman, eds.Managing and Measuring Risk: Emerging Global Standards and Regulations After the Financial Crisis. Vol. 5. World Scientific, 2013. Van Deventer, Donald R., Kenji Imai, and Mark Mesler.Advanced financial risk management: tools and techniques for integrated credit risk and interest rate risk management. John Wiley Sons, 2013.